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Introduction to Mathematics for Environmental Science evolved from the author's 30 years' experience teaching mathematics to graduate and advanced undergraduate students in the environmental sciences. Its basic purpose is to teach various types of mathematical structures and how they can be applied in a broad range of environmental science subfields. Derivatives and integrals, ordinary and partial differential equations, and linear and non-linear algebraic equations are the basic kinds of structures (types of mathematical models) discussed. For each mathematical topic, the book emphasizes derivation of mathematical models from "story problems" first, and solution of equations second. It suggests finding analytic solutions when possible, but discusses methods for finding numerical solutions to problems that can't be solved analytically. For most topics, examples of using Matlab software to solve and explore the structures are also included. This text assumes that its readers will already have been introduced to the basic ideas of differential and integral calculus, so it is not an introduction to calculus. It does, however, include three early chapters to review basic algebra, derivatives, and integrals. Professor Parkhurst earned his B.S. degree in applied mathematics from the College of Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, in 1965, and his Ph.D. in Botany (Plant Ecology) from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, in 1970. He then worked three years at the CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Science in Aspendale, Victoria, Australia, before joining the Environmental Science faculty of the School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, in 1973. He held a joint appointment in the Biology Department there as well. He retired from that position in December, 2005, after 32 years. His research areas include mathematical modelling of adaptations of plant leaves to environment, environmental risk analysis, and applications of statistics in environmental and public health areas.

Algebra --- Partial differential equations --- Differential equations --- Mathematics --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- differentiaalvergelijkingen --- algebra --- toegepaste wiskunde --- milieukunde --- matrices --- wiskunde --- milieubeheer

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This book provides a broad introduction to the fascinating subject of environmental space-time processes; addressing the role of uncertainty. Within that context, it covers a spectrum of technical matters from measurement to environmental epidemiology to risk assessment. It showcases non-stationary vector-valued processes, while treating stationarity as a special case. The contents reflect the authors' cumulative knowledge gained over many years of consulting and research collaboration. In particular, with members of their research group, they developed within a hierarchical Bayesian framework, the new statistical approaches presented in the book for analyzing, modeling, and monitoring environmental spatio-temporal processes. Furthermore they indicate new directions for development. This book contains technical and non-technical material and it is written for statistical scientists as well as consultants, subject area researchers and students in related fields. Novel chapters present the authors' hierarchical Bayesian approaches to spatially interpolating environmental processes designing networks to monitor environmental processes multivariate extreme value theory incorporating risk assessment. In addition, they present a comprehensive and critical survey of other approaches, highlighting deficiencies that their method seeks to overcome. Special sections marked by an asterisk provide rigorous development for readers with a strong technical background. Alternatively readers can go straight to the tutorials supplied in chapter 14 and learn how to apply the free, downloadable modeling and design software that the authors and their research partners have developed. Nhu Le is a Senior Scientist in Cancer Control Research and a former Director of the Occupational Oncology Research Program at the British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA). An Adjunct Professor of Statistics at the University of British Columbia since 1992, he also teaches graduate courses and supervises graduate students. He is heavily involved in epidemiological research and the impact environmental and occupational factors have on cancer development. He has published over 100 peer-reviewed research articles in statistical- and subject-area journals. He received his Ph.D. in statistics from the University of Washington in Seattle. Jim Zidek is a Professor Emeritus and Founding Head of the Department of Statistics at the University of British Columbia. He has served on a number of scientific advisory committees, most notably on the United States' EPA's Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committees Ozone Panel. His scientific interests lie equally in environmetrics (the subject of this book) and in the theory of decision analysis (particularly, the compilation of expert opinion). His work has been published extensively and he has been invited to give numerous presentations. He received his Ph.D. from Stanford University and his honors include Fellowships in the Royal Society of Canada, the American Statistical Association (ASA), and the Institute of Mathematical Statistics. He has earned the Distinguished Achievement Medal in Environmental Statistics of the ASA and the Gold Medal of the Statistical Society of Canada.

Statistical science --- Nature protection --- Mathematics --- Geology. Earth sciences --- Epidemiology --- Air pollution. Air purification --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- milieukunde --- epidemiologie --- luchtverontreiniging --- milieuzorg --- wiskunde --- geografie --- milieubeheer --- milieuanalyse --- statistisch onderzoek

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The world is a dirty place and getting dirtier all the time. The reasons for this ever-increasing lack of cleanliness are not hard to find, being basically caused by the actions of the six billion people who inhabit the planet. The needs of the people for air, water, food, housing, clothing, heating, materials, oil, gas, minerals, metals, chemicals, and so forth have, over the centuries, given rise to a variety of environmental problems that have been exacerbated or been newly created by the industrialization of the world, the increase in population, and the increase in longevity of the population. The costs of cleaning even fractions of the known environmental problems are truly enormous, as detailed in the volume Environmental Risk Analysis (I. Lerche and E. Paleologos, 2001, McGraw-Hill). The chances of causing new environmental problems, and their associated costs of clean up, are equally challenging in terms of anthropogenic influences and also of the natural environmental problems that can be triggered by humanity. This volume discusses many examples of environmental problems that have occurred and that are still ongoing. The volume also considers the effects in terms of sickness and death of fractions of the population of the planet caused by such environmental problems.

Mathematics --- General ecology and biosociology --- Social medicine --- Soil pollution. Soil purification --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Computer. Automation --- verontreiniging --- milieukunde --- informatica --- milieuhygiëne --- ecologie --- milieuzorg --- wiskunde --- milieutechnologie --- milieubeheer --- milieuanalyse

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Exercises in Environmental Physics covers the essential topics in university courses in environmental physics including: -Energy and the environment -Fluid mechanics -Evapotranspiration, soil physics and groundwater hydrology -Pollution -Ocean and atmospheric physics -The planet in space This is the first book specifically devoted to exercises on the application of physics to describe the environment including the human impact. It is a valuable tool for students to develop skills in the manipulation of physical concepts and methods while learning environmental science. The exercises are drawn from the author's teaching experience and the need for stimulating practice problems in various environmental physics courses. A chapter on mathematical methods used in the book supplements the material.

Nature protection --- Mathematics --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Radiotherapy. Isotope therapy --- Air pollution. Air purification --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Biotechnology --- milieukunde --- stralingshygiëne --- farmacologie --- biotechnologie --- luchtverontreiniging --- wiskunde --- milieutechnologie

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This book is about the legal, economical, and practical assessment and management of risky activities arising from routine, catastrophic environmental and occupational exposures to hazardous agents. It begins where emission and exposure analysis ends by providing estimates or predictions of deleterious exposures. The book covers the essential aspects of environmental and health law, environmental economics, applied statistical and probabilistic methods, fundamental notions of applied epidemiology and toxicology, as well as decision analysis, to provide an integrated overview of how risk assessment and management combine to produce sound societal outcomes. Risk-based methods play a pivotal role in identifying and ranking alternative, sustainable choices, while accounting for uncertainty and variability. Specifically, most reductions in risks require a balancing of the costs and benefits associated with the action to reduce exposure to a hazard and thus risk. This balancing necessarily involves linking exposure and response through causation. Fundamentally, in risk assessment and management, science and law intersect through legal and scientific causation to the point that the failure to provide a sound causal argument can make an otherwise beneficial law or regulation invalid. The contents of the book have been written with the student's need in mind: practice, applications and integration take precedence over theory, accomplishing these functions with unparalleled breadth and depth, to provide the methods and criteria for sound decision-making of risk or uncertainty. In addition, each chapter concludes with sample questions to illustrate concepts.

Law --- Mathematics --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Social medicine --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Computer. Automation --- milieukunde --- gezondheidszorg --- informatica --- milieuhygiëne --- recht --- wiskunde --- milieutechnologie --- milieubeheer